The application of GIS and spatiotemporal analyses to investigations of unusual marine mammal strandings and mortality events
Identifieur interne : 001E06 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 001E05; suivant : 001E07The application of GIS and spatiotemporal analyses to investigations of unusual marine mammal strandings and mortality events
Auteurs : Stephanie A. Norman ; Jessie Huggins [États-Unis] ; Tim E. Carpenter [États-Unis] ; James T. Case [États-Unis] ; Dyanna M. Lambourn [États-Unis] ; Jim Rice [États-Unis] ; John Calambokidis [États-Unis] ; Joseph K. Gaydos [États-Unis] ; M. Bradley Hanson [États-Unis] ; Deborah A. Duffield [États-Unis] ; Sandra Dubpernell [États-Unis] ; Susan Berta [États-Unis] ; Matt Klope [États-Unis]Source :
- Marine Mammal Science [ 0824-0469 ] ; 2012-07.
English descriptors
- Teeft :
- Adult males, Aerial surveys, Analytical methods, Atmospheric administration, Bovine tuberculosis, British columbia, Cape flattery, Carcass drift, Cascadia research, Case data, Case pairs, Cluster detection, Coast stock, Coastal waters, Critical distances, Critical time, Critical values, Cryptococcus gattii, Data collection, Disease outbreaks, Disease transmission, Enhydra lutris nereis, Entire study area, Epidemiology, Exploratory analyses, Fisheries science center, Fishery, Fourth avenue, Geographic information systems, Geographic location, Global clusters, Gulland, Harbor porpoise, Harbor porpoises, International journal, Knox test, Kreuder, Kulldorff, Large number, Likelihood function, Likelihood ratio, Local cluster detection, Location data, Mammal, Marine mammal, Marine mammal disease, Marine mammal diseases, Marine mammal protection, Marine mammal science, Marine mammals, Medicine ward, Monitoring programs, Mortality events, Multiple testing, National marine fisheries service workshop, National marine mammal laboratory, National oceanic, Noaa, Noaa fisheries, Null hypothesis, Outbreak, Outer coast, Permutation, Phocoena, Phocoena phocoena, Population threats, Porpoise, Porpoise strandings, Puget sound, Queensland sheep, Region marine mammal, Relative risk, Same location, Scan, Scan statistic, Silver spring, Space distances, Spatial, Spatial analyses, Spatial association, Spatial epidemiology, Spatiotemporal, Spatiotemporal analyses, Statistic, Stock assessments, Strandings, Study objective, Time interaction, Time period, Time separations, Total number, Toxoplasma gondii, Trace elements, Umes, Unpublished data, Unusual mortality event, Veterinary epidemiology, Veterinary medicine, Washington state, Zalophus californianus.
Abstract
In 2006–2007, an unusually high number of harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) stranded along the Washington and Oregon coastlines. Spatiotemporal analyses were used to examine their ability to detect clusters of porpoise strandings during an unusual mortality event (UME) in the Pacific Northwest using stranding location data. Strandings were evaluated as two separate populations, outer coast and inland waters. The presence of global clustering was evaluated using the Knox spatiotemporal test, and the presence of local clusters was investigated using a spatiotemporal scan statistic (space–time permutation). There was evidence of global clustering, but no local clustering, supporting the hypothesis that strandings were due to more varied etiologies instead of localized causes. Further analyses at subregional levels, and concurrently assessing environmental factors, might reveal additional geographic distribution patterns. This article describes the spatial analytical tools applied in this study and how they can help elucidate the spatiotemporal epidemiology of other UMEs and assist in determining their causes. More than one spatial analytical technique should be used if the study objective is to detect and describe clustering in time and space and to generate hypotheses regarding causation of marine mammal disease and stranding events.
Url:
DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2011.00507.x
Affiliations:
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Norman</name><affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">whaledoctor@gmail.com</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Huggins, Jessie" sort="Huggins, Jessie" uniqKey="Huggins J" first="Jessie" last="Huggins">Jessie Huggins</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Cascadia Research Collective,218 1/2 W. Fourth Avenue,Olympia, Washington 98501</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Washington 98501</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Carpenter, Tim E" sort="Carpenter, Tim E" uniqKey="Carpenter T" first="Tim E." last="Carpenter">Tim E. Carpenter</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Animal Disease Modeling and Surveillance (CADMS),Department of Medicine & Epidemiology,School of Veterinary Medicine,University of California at Davis,Davis, California 95616</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>California 95616</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Case, James T" sort="Case, James T" uniqKey="Case J" first="James T." last="Case">James T. Case</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory,School of Veterinary Medicine,University of California,PO Box 1770,Davis, California 95617–1770</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>California 95617–1770</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lambourn, Dyanna M" sort="Lambourn, Dyanna M" uniqKey="Lambourn D" first="Dyanna M." last="Lambourn">Dyanna M. 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Gaydos</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>University of California Davis,UC Davis Wildlife Health Center–Orcas Island Office,942 Deer Harbor Road,Eastsound, Washington 98245</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Washington 98245</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hanson, M Bradley" sort="Hanson, M Bradley" uniqKey="Hanson M" first="M. Bradley" last="Hanson">M. Bradley Hanson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>NOAA Fisheries,Northwest Fisheries Science Center,2725 Montlake Boulevard East,Seattle, Washington 98112</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Washington 98112</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Duffield, Deborah A" sort="Duffield, Deborah A" uniqKey="Duffield D" first="Deborah A." last="Duffield">Deborah A. Duffield</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biology,Portland State University,PO Box 751,Portland, Oregon 97207</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Oregon 97207</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dubpernell, Sandra" sort="Dubpernell, Sandra" uniqKey="Dubpernell S" first="Sandra" last="Dubpernell">Sandra Dubpernell</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Central Puget Sound Marine Mammal Stranding Network,Orca Network,2403 North Bluff Road,Greenbank, Washington 98253</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Washington 98253</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Berta, Susan" sort="Berta, Susan" uniqKey="Berta S" first="Susan" last="Berta">Susan Berta</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Central Puget Sound Marine Mammal Stranding Network,Orca Network,2403 North Bluff Road,Greenbank, Washington 98253</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Washington 98253</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Klope, Matt" sort="Klope, Matt" uniqKey="Klope M" first="Matt" last="Klope">Matt Klope</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Central Puget Sound Marine Mammal Stranding Network,Orca Network,2403 North Bluff Road,Greenbank, Washington 98253</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Washington 98253</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j" type="main">Marine Mammal Science</title><title level="j" type="alt">MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE</title><idno type="ISSN">0824-0469</idno><idno type="eISSN">1748-7692</idno><imprint><biblScope unit="vol">28</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">3</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="E251">E251</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="E266">E266</biblScope><biblScope unit="page-count">16</biblScope><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Inc</publisher><pubPlace>Malden, USA</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2012-07">2012-07</date></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0824-0469</idno></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0824-0469</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="Teeft" xml:lang="en"><term>Adult males</term><term>Aerial surveys</term><term>Analytical methods</term><term>Atmospheric administration</term><term>Bovine tuberculosis</term><term>British columbia</term><term>Cape flattery</term><term>Carcass drift</term><term>Cascadia research</term><term>Case data</term><term>Case pairs</term><term>Cluster detection</term><term>Coast stock</term><term>Coastal waters</term><term>Critical distances</term><term>Critical time</term><term>Critical values</term><term>Cryptococcus gattii</term><term>Data collection</term><term>Disease outbreaks</term><term>Disease transmission</term><term>Enhydra lutris nereis</term><term>Entire study area</term><term>Epidemiology</term><term>Exploratory analyses</term><term>Fisheries science center</term><term>Fishery</term><term>Fourth avenue</term><term>Geographic information systems</term><term>Geographic location</term><term>Global clusters</term><term>Gulland</term><term>Harbor porpoise</term><term>Harbor porpoises</term><term>International journal</term><term>Knox test</term><term>Kreuder</term><term>Kulldorff</term><term>Large number</term><term>Likelihood function</term><term>Likelihood ratio</term><term>Local cluster detection</term><term>Location data</term><term>Mammal</term><term>Marine mammal</term><term>Marine mammal disease</term><term>Marine mammal diseases</term><term>Marine mammal protection</term><term>Marine mammal science</term><term>Marine mammals</term><term>Medicine ward</term><term>Monitoring programs</term><term>Mortality events</term><term>Multiple testing</term><term>National marine fisheries service workshop</term><term>National marine mammal laboratory</term><term>National oceanic</term><term>Noaa</term><term>Noaa fisheries</term><term>Null hypothesis</term><term>Outbreak</term><term>Outer coast</term><term>Permutation</term><term>Phocoena</term><term>Phocoena phocoena</term><term>Population threats</term><term>Porpoise</term><term>Porpoise strandings</term><term>Puget sound</term><term>Queensland sheep</term><term>Region marine mammal</term><term>Relative risk</term><term>Same location</term><term>Scan</term><term>Scan statistic</term><term>Silver spring</term><term>Space distances</term><term>Spatial</term><term>Spatial analyses</term><term>Spatial association</term><term>Spatial epidemiology</term><term>Spatiotemporal</term><term>Spatiotemporal analyses</term><term>Statistic</term><term>Stock assessments</term><term>Strandings</term><term>Study objective</term><term>Time interaction</term><term>Time period</term><term>Time separations</term><term>Total number</term><term>Toxoplasma gondii</term><term>Trace elements</term><term>Umes</term><term>Unpublished data</term><term>Unusual mortality event</term><term>Veterinary epidemiology</term><term>Veterinary medicine</term><term>Washington state</term><term>Zalophus californianus</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">In 2006–2007, an unusually high number of harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) stranded along the Washington and Oregon coastlines. Spatiotemporal analyses were used to examine their ability to detect clusters of porpoise strandings during an unusual mortality event (UME) in the Pacific Northwest using stranding location data. Strandings were evaluated as two separate populations, outer coast and inland waters. The presence of global clustering was evaluated using the Knox spatiotemporal test, and the presence of local clusters was investigated using a spatiotemporal scan statistic (space–time permutation). There was evidence of global clustering, but no local clustering, supporting the hypothesis that strandings were due to more varied etiologies instead of localized causes. Further analyses at subregional levels, and concurrently assessing environmental factors, might reveal additional geographic distribution patterns. This article describes the spatial analytical tools applied in this study and how they can help elucidate the spatiotemporal epidemiology of other UMEs and assist in determining their causes. More than one spatial analytical technique should be used if the study objective is to detect and describe clustering in time and space and to generate hypotheses regarding causation of marine mammal disease and stranding events.</div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>États-Unis</li></country></list><tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Norman, Stephanie A" sort="Norman, Stephanie A" uniqKey="Norman S" first="Stephanie A." last="Norman">Stephanie A. Norman</name></noCountry><country name="États-Unis"><noRegion><name sortKey="Huggins, Jessie" sort="Huggins, Jessie" uniqKey="Huggins J" first="Jessie" last="Huggins">Jessie Huggins</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Berta, Susan" sort="Berta, Susan" uniqKey="Berta S" first="Susan" last="Berta">Susan Berta</name><name sortKey="Calambokidis, John" sort="Calambokidis, John" uniqKey="Calambokidis J" first="John" last="Calambokidis">John Calambokidis</name><name sortKey="Carpenter, Tim E" sort="Carpenter, Tim E" uniqKey="Carpenter T" first="Tim E." last="Carpenter">Tim E. Carpenter</name><name sortKey="Case, James T" sort="Case, James T" uniqKey="Case J" first="James T." last="Case">James T. Case</name><name sortKey="Dubpernell, Sandra" sort="Dubpernell, Sandra" uniqKey="Dubpernell S" first="Sandra" last="Dubpernell">Sandra Dubpernell</name><name sortKey="Duffield, Deborah A" sort="Duffield, Deborah A" uniqKey="Duffield D" first="Deborah A." last="Duffield">Deborah A. Duffield</name><name sortKey="Gaydos, Joseph K" sort="Gaydos, Joseph K" uniqKey="Gaydos J" first="Joseph K." last="Gaydos">Joseph K. Gaydos</name><name sortKey="Hanson, M Bradley" sort="Hanson, M Bradley" uniqKey="Hanson M" first="M. Bradley" last="Hanson">M. Bradley Hanson</name><name sortKey="Klope, Matt" sort="Klope, Matt" uniqKey="Klope M" first="Matt" last="Klope">Matt Klope</name><name sortKey="Lambourn, Dyanna M" sort="Lambourn, Dyanna M" uniqKey="Lambourn D" first="Dyanna M." last="Lambourn">Dyanna M. Lambourn</name><name sortKey="Rice, Jim" sort="Rice, Jim" uniqKey="Rice J" first="Jim" last="Rice">Jim Rice</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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